Sudan is a vast Northeast African country bordered by Egypt, Libya, Chad, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Eritrea, with a Red Sea coastline. The Nile River splits the country, featuring deserts (Sahara in the north), savannahs, and the fertile Gezira Plain.
Population and Culture
Sudan has over 47 million people from diverse ethnic groups, including Arab, Nubian, Beja, and Fur communities. Arabic is the official language, with local languages like Nubian and Beja also spoken. Islam dominates culture, influencing traditions, music (like Haqiba), and daily life.
Economy
Once reliant on oil (lost 75% of reserves after South Sudan’s secession), Sudan now depends on agriculture (sorghum, gum arabic), gold mining, and livestock. Economic crises, inflation, and U.S. sanctions have crippled growth.
Government and History
Independent from Britain/Egypt in 1956, Sudan endured civil wars, Islamist rule under Omar al-Bashir (1989–2019), and a 2019 revolution. A fragile transition to civilian rule is ongoing amid military-civilian power struggles.
Tourism and Attractions
Ancient pyramids of Meroë (UNESCO site), Red Sea diving in Port Sudan, and Dinder National Park’s wildlife are key draws, but instability limits tourism.
Challenges
Deadly conflict since 2023 between military and paramilitary forces, displacing millions. Droughts, floods, and famine risks exacerbate suffering.
Conclusion
Sudan’s rich history and resources contrast with its current turmoil. A peaceful resolution could unlock potential, but the path remains fraught with humanitarian and political crises.
