The Pentagon, the iconic symbol of American military power, stands as one of the most recognizable buildings in the world. Yet, beneath its sprawling structure lies a forgotten chapter of American history—a story of a thriving Black community that once called this land home. Before the Pentagon was constructed in the early 1940s, the area in Arlington, Virginia, was part of a vibrant African American neighborhood known as Queen City, a town of approximately 900 residents.
The Rise of Queen City
Queen City emerged in the late 19th century as a self-sustaining Black community during the Reconstruction era. Following the Civil War, many formerly enslaved people sought to build new lives, and Queen City became a beacon of hope and resilience. The town was strategically located near the Freedman’s Village, a settlement established by the federal government to provide housing and support for freed slaves. Over time, Queen City grew into a bustling hub, complete with homes, businesses, churches, and schools.
The residents of Queen City were hardworking and resourceful. Many worked as farmers, laborers, or domestic workers, while others owned businesses that catered to the community. The town had a strong sense of unity, with neighbors supporting one another in the face of racial segregation and systemic inequality. Despite the challenges of the Jim Crow era, Queen City thrived as a testament to Black resilience and determination.
The Displacement of Queen City
The fate of Queen City took a dramatic turn in the early 1940s, as the United States prepared for World War II. The federal government identified the area as the ideal location for the Pentagon, which would serve as the headquarters for the Department of Defense. The construction of the Pentagon required a massive amount of land, and the government used eminent domain to seize the property, displacing the entire community of Queen City.
Residents were forced to leave their homes, businesses, and land with little compensation and no say in the matter. The government offered minimal relocation assistance, and many families struggled to find affordable housing in a racially segregated society. The displacement of Queen City was not an isolated incident; it was part of a broader pattern of urban renewal projects that disproportionately affected Black communities across the United States.
Erasing History
The construction of the Pentagon not only displaced the residents of Queen City but also erased the physical evidence of their community. The land was cleared, and the buildings were demolished, leaving no trace of the vibrant town that once stood there. Over time, the memory of Queen City faded from public consciousness, overshadowed by the imposing presence of the Pentagon.
For decades, the story of Queen City remained largely untold, a footnote in the history of Arlington and the Pentagon. However, in recent years, historians and activists have worked to uncover and preserve this important piece of Black history. Their efforts have shed light on the resilience of the Queen City community and the injustices they faced.
Remembering Queen City Today
The story of Queen City serves as a powerful reminder of the often-overlooked contributions and sacrifices of Black communities in American history. It also highlights the enduring impact of systemic racism and the ways in which urban development projects have historically marginalized minority populations.
Today, efforts are underway to honor the legacy of Queen City and its residents. Historical markers, oral history projects, and community initiatives aim to ensure that the story of this once-thriving Black town is not forgotten. By remembering Queen City, we acknowledge the resilience of its people and the importance of preserving the histories of marginalized communities.
As the Pentagon continues to stand as a symbol of American military strength, it is essential to remember the land it occupies and the vibrant community that once flourished there. The story of Queen City is a testament to the strength and perseverance of Black Americans, and it serves as a call to action to honor and preserve their histories for future generations.